The retina offers unusually direct access to neural and microvascular tissue, but many systemic-health applications remain investigational rather than clinically established.
Why the retina is unusual
The retina is neural tissue with visible microvasculature, making it attractive for non-invasive measurement.
What researchers are studying
Researchers are investigating associations with cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological conditions.
What it does not prove
A predictive association does not mean an eye scan can diagnose a systemic disease in routine care.
What is next
Standardization, prospective validation, diverse datasets and clinically meaningful thresholds will determine which applications survive.
Evidence should be inspectable.
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